Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Management

摘要

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP), also known as immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis, is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood and adolescence, characterized by non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura, arthralgia, abdominal pain, and potential renal involvement. Its pathogenesis is centered on abnormal IgA immune complex deposition and subsequent vascular inffammation, with interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation. This paper systematically reviews the latest progress in HSP research, focusing on its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. It clariffes the core pathological process of IgA1 glycosylation abnormalities and vascular endothelial damage, elaborates on the diversity of clinical presentations (including typical skin lesions and multi-system involvement), and summarizes evidence-based diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis approaches.